Protein attachment to gold nanopore: gold has high affinity for proteins and by applying a voltage across the nanopore we can drive charged proteins towards or away from the charged surface. pH and salt concentration will have an important effect on the attachment and detachment process. On the bottom you see a graph of the current across the nanopore vs time. (not real data)
Protein Translocation: with different surfaces proteins might not bind to the pore but rather translocate through it. Again on the bottom you can see a hypothetical real time graph of current vs. time.
Single protein detection: the ultimate goal of the experiments.. Being able to detect in real time changes in the conformation of a protein by recording the current and changing the conditions.